**Background** Sigma receptors are a class of chaperone proteins involved in various cellular processes, including protein folding, calcium signaling, and the regulation of apoptosis. Among them, the sigma 2 ($\sigma_2$)…
**Background** The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that plays a critical role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Mutations in EGFR are frequently associated with…
**Background** Cancer remains one of the most challenging health crises globally, characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and the ability to metastasize to distant organs. Among various malignancies, leukemia and melanoma…
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a powerful modality for cancer treatment due to its ability to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation. However, clinical application is…
Stimuli-responsive gels exhibit complex, non-linear swelling behavior in response to environmental cues such as temperature and pH, enabling their use in smart drug delivery systems and adaptive biomedical devices. This…
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in plant cells performs a continuous, intricate dance—reshaping itself, streaming through the cytoplasm, and transporting molecules across vast distances. To capture this complexity, modern image analysis…
Gratitude is more than a polite expression—it is a transformative practice that can reshape how we perceive the world and ourselves. At its essence, gratitude means recognizing and appreciating the…
The 3′-to-5′ exoribonuclease (ExoN) activity of SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 is a cornerstone of viral genome stability, enabling proofreading during RNA replication and ensuring high-fidelity synthesis. This activity relies on a two-metal-ion…