All subjects were pre-screened to ensure that they were healthy, fit and had not regularly participated in resistance exercise in the preceding not have to contract maximally during the extension phase

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ments: DAR MAH JCH HD LKS MCE JDW. Analyzed the data: DAR MAH JCH HD LKS MCE SN MDL DP-W TJR JDW LR KNW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SN MDL DP-W TJR JDW LR KNW. Wrote the paper: DAR MAH KNW. Supporting Information Primers utilized for qualitative and quantita- tive PCR. 9 December 2010 | Volume 5 | Issue 12 | e15755 ARF Regulates Bone Biology and Osteosarcoma 16. Gao L, Deng H, Zhao H, Hirbe A, Harding J, et al. HTLV-1 Tax transgenic mice develop spontaneous osteolytic bone metastases prevented by osteoclast inhibition. Blood 106: 4294302. 17. Kansara M, Thomas DM Molecular pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. DNA Cell Biol 26: 18. 18. Walkley CR, Qudsi R, Sankaran VG, Perry JA, Gostissa M, et al. Conditional mouse osteosarcoma, dependent on p53 loss and potentiated by loss of Rb, mimics the human disease. Genes Dev 22: 1662676. 19. Berman SD, Calo E, Landman AS, Danielian PS, Miller ES, et al. Metastatic osteosarcoma induced by inactivation of Rb and p53 in the osteoblast lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105: 118511856. 20. Oh JH, Kim HS, Kim HH, Kim WH, Lee SH Aberrant methylation of Vitamin D2 p14ARF gene correlates with poor survival in osteosarcoma. Clin Orthop Relat Res 442: 21622. 21. Kamijo T, Zindy F, Roussel MF, Quelle DE, Downing JR, et al. Tumor suppression at the mouse INK4a locus mediated by the alternative reading frame product p19ARF. Cell 91: 64959. 22. Rauch D, Gross S, Harding J, Niewiesk S, Lairmore M, et al. Imaging spontaneous tumorigenesis: inflammation precedes development of peripheral NK tumors. Blood 113: 1493500. 23. Lane NE, Yao W, Nakamura MC, Humphrey MB, Kimmel D, et al. Mice lacking the integrin beta5 subunit have accelerated osteoclast maturation and increased activity in the estrogen-deficient state. J Bone Miner Res 20: 586. 24. Christiansen BA, Silva MJ The effect of varying magnitudes of wholebody vibration on several skeletal sites in mice. Ann Biomed Eng 34: 1149156. 25. Hapidin H, Othman F, Soelaiman IN, Shuid AN, Luke DA, et al. Negative effects of nicotine on bone-resorbing cytokines and bone histomorphometric parameters in male rats. J Bone Miner Metab 25: 938. 26. Brady SN, Maggi LB, Jr., Winkeler CL, Toso EA, Gwinn AS, et al. Nucleophosmin protein expression level, but not threonine 198 phosphorylation, is essential in growth and proliferation. Oncogene 28: 3209220. 27. Hirbe AC, Roelofs AJ, Floyd DH, Deng H, Becker SN, et al. The bisphosphonate zoledronic acid decreases tumor growth in bone in mice with defective osteoclasts. Bone 44: 90816. 28. Novack DV, Teitelbaum SL The osteoclast: friend or foe Annu Rev Pathol 3: 45784. 29. Hadjidakis DJ, Androulakis II Bone remodeling. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1092: 38596. 30. Zaidi SK, Pande S, Pratap J, Gaur T, Grigoriu S, et al. Runx2 deficiency and defective subnuclear targeting bypass senescence to promote immortalization and tumorigenic potential. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 198619866. 31. Tiffee JC, Xing L, Nilsson S, Boyce BF Dental abnormalities associated with failure of tooth eruption in src knockout and op/op mice. Calcif Tissue Int 65: 538. 32. Rauch D, Gross S, Harding J, Bokhari S, Niewiesk S, et al. T-cell activation promotes tumorigenesis in inflammation-associated cancer. Retrovirology 6: 116. 33. Gross S, Gammon ST, Moss BL, Rauch D, Harding J, et al. Bioluminescence imaging of myeloperoxidase activity in vivo. Nat Med 15: 45561. 34. Eischen CM, Rehg JE, Korsmeyer SJ, Cleveland JL Loss of Bax alters tumor spectrum and tumor numbers in A