Ur patterns: physical inactivity and unhealthy diet (5.8 ); sedentary behaviour and unhealthy

March 28, 2018

Ur patterns: physical inactivity and MLN9708 supplier unhealthy diet (5.8 ); sedentary behaviour and unhealthy diet (10.7 ); physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and sedentary behaviour (18.4 ); and physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and sedentary behaviour (40.1 ) (Table 5). The simultaneous presence of physical inactivity and unhealthy diet was three times higher among girls (OR = 3.03; CI = 1.57?.85) than that among boys and was almost twice as high among low incomePLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.buy PD98059 0159037 July 19,8 /Clustering of Risk Factors in AdolescentsTable 5. Association between combinations of health risk behaviors most prevalent and demographic and socioeconomic variables in adolescents. PI + UD n ( ) Total Sex Male Female Age (years) 14?6 17?9 Skin colour White Others School shift Daytime Night shift Economic Level High Low 30 (4.7) 25 (8.9) 1.00 1.83 (1.05?3.21) 39 (5.7) 16 (6.6) 1.00 1.03 (0.55?1.94) 0.03 73 (11.4) 26 (9.3) 1.00 0.84 (0.52?1.36) 31 (5.3) 24 (7.1) 1.00 1.33 (0.76?2.32) 0.91 76 (11.2) 23 (9.5) 1.00 0.83 (0.50?1.38) 0.50 252 (39.5) 119 (42.6) 1.00 1.21 (0.90?1.62) 29 (5.3) 26 (6.9) 1.00 1.37 (0.77?2.42) 0.31 70 (12.1) 29 (8.5) 1.00 0.68 (0.43?1.08) 0.48 298 (44.1) 73 (30.2) 1.00 0.59 (0.43?0.82) 0.19 119 (18.6) 44 (15.7) 1.00 0.78 (0.53?1.15) 12 (2.9) 43 (8.4) 1.00 3.03 (1.57?5.85) 0.27 60 (11.7) 39 (10.4) 1.00 0.94 (0.60?1.46) 0.10 231 (39.7) 140 (41.4) 1.00 1.05 (0.80?1.39) <0.01 118 (17.4) 45 (18.6) 1.00 1.00 (0.67?1.48) 0.21 55 (6.0) <0.01 56 (13.7) 43 (8.4) 1.00 0.58 (0.38?0.89) 0.80 246 (45.3) 125 (33.4) 1.00 0.66 (0.49?0.87) 0.70 104 (17.9) 59 (17.4) 1.00 0.96 (0.67?1.36) 0.98 OR (95 CI)aSB + UD p n ( ) 99 (10.8) 0.01 OR (95 CI)aPI + SB + UD p n ( ) 371 (40.5) 0.45 157 (38.4) 214 (42.1) 1.00 1.10 (0.84?1.45) <0.01 OR (95 CI)aPI + EAC + SB + UD p n ( ) 163 (17.7) 0.38 69 (16.9) 94 (18.5) 1.00 1.16 (0.82?1.64) 0.02 84 (15.5) 79 (21.1) 1.00 1.49 (1.05?2.12) 0.82 OR (95 CI)a paPI: Physical inactivity; UD: Unhealthy diet; SB: Sedentary behaviour; EAC: Excessive alcohol consumption; OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval. Adjusted analysis for all independent variables.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159037.tindividuals (OR = 1.83; CI = 1.05?.21) than that among high income individuals. Girls were also less likely to have sedentary behaviour and concomitant unhealthy diet (OR = 0.58; CI = 0.38?.89) than boys. Older individuals and students of the night shift were less likely (OR = 0.66; CI = 0.49?.87 and OR = 0.59; CI = 0.43?.82, respectively) to present the combination of physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and sedentary behaviour than their respective counterparts. Older adolescents were more likely to have four risk factors (physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and sedentary behaviour; OR = 1.49; CI = 1.05?2.12).DiscussionApproximately nine out of ten adolescents had two or more risk factors for NCDs in this study. These results encourage the policies and recommendations of the WHO and Ministry of Health of Brazil regarding the importance of performing regular physical activity, reducing sedentary behaviour and eating healthily in all age groups [6, 14]. Among the risky behaviours analysed in the present study, the four most prevalent combinations included the behaviours of physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet andPLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0159037 July 19,9 /Clustering of Risk Factors in Adolescentsexcessive alcohol consumption. These.Ur patterns: physical inactivity and unhealthy diet (5.8 ); sedentary behaviour and unhealthy diet (10.7 ); physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and sedentary behaviour (18.4 ); and physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and sedentary behaviour (40.1 ) (Table 5). The simultaneous presence of physical inactivity and unhealthy diet was three times higher among girls (OR = 3.03; CI = 1.57?.85) than that among boys and was almost twice as high among low incomePLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0159037 July 19,8 /Clustering of Risk Factors in AdolescentsTable 5. Association between combinations of health risk behaviors most prevalent and demographic and socioeconomic variables in adolescents. PI + UD n ( ) Total Sex Male Female Age (years) 14?6 17?9 Skin colour White Others School shift Daytime Night shift Economic Level High Low 30 (4.7) 25 (8.9) 1.00 1.83 (1.05?3.21) 39 (5.7) 16 (6.6) 1.00 1.03 (0.55?1.94) 0.03 73 (11.4) 26 (9.3) 1.00 0.84 (0.52?1.36) 31 (5.3) 24 (7.1) 1.00 1.33 (0.76?2.32) 0.91 76 (11.2) 23 (9.5) 1.00 0.83 (0.50?1.38) 0.50 252 (39.5) 119 (42.6) 1.00 1.21 (0.90?1.62) 29 (5.3) 26 (6.9) 1.00 1.37 (0.77?2.42) 0.31 70 (12.1) 29 (8.5) 1.00 0.68 (0.43?1.08) 0.48 298 (44.1) 73 (30.2) 1.00 0.59 (0.43?0.82) 0.19 119 (18.6) 44 (15.7) 1.00 0.78 (0.53?1.15) 12 (2.9) 43 (8.4) 1.00 3.03 (1.57?5.85) 0.27 60 (11.7) 39 (10.4) 1.00 0.94 (0.60?1.46) 0.10 231 (39.7) 140 (41.4) 1.00 1.05 (0.80?1.39) <0.01 118 (17.4) 45 (18.6) 1.00 1.00 (0.67?1.48) 0.21 55 (6.0) <0.01 56 (13.7) 43 (8.4) 1.00 0.58 (0.38?0.89) 0.80 246 (45.3) 125 (33.4) 1.00 0.66 (0.49?0.87) 0.70 104 (17.9) 59 (17.4) 1.00 0.96 (0.67?1.36) 0.98 OR (95 CI)aSB + UD p n ( ) 99 (10.8) 0.01 OR (95 CI)aPI + SB + UD p n ( ) 371 (40.5) 0.45 157 (38.4) 214 (42.1) 1.00 1.10 (0.84?1.45) <0.01 OR (95 CI)aPI + EAC + SB + UD p n ( ) 163 (17.7) 0.38 69 (16.9) 94 (18.5) 1.00 1.16 (0.82?1.64) 0.02 84 (15.5) 79 (21.1) 1.00 1.49 (1.05?2.12) 0.82 OR (95 CI)a paPI: Physical inactivity; UD: Unhealthy diet; SB: Sedentary behaviour; EAC: Excessive alcohol consumption; OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval. Adjusted analysis for all independent variables.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159037.tindividuals (OR = 1.83; CI = 1.05?.21) than that among high income individuals. Girls were also less likely to have sedentary behaviour and concomitant unhealthy diet (OR = 0.58; CI = 0.38?.89) than boys. Older individuals and students of the night shift were less likely (OR = 0.66; CI = 0.49?.87 and OR = 0.59; CI = 0.43?.82, respectively) to present the combination of physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and sedentary behaviour than their respective counterparts. Older adolescents were more likely to have four risk factors (physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet and sedentary behaviour; OR = 1.49; CI = 1.05?2.12).DiscussionApproximately nine out of ten adolescents had two or more risk factors for NCDs in this study. These results encourage the policies and recommendations of the WHO and Ministry of Health of Brazil regarding the importance of performing regular physical activity, reducing sedentary behaviour and eating healthily in all age groups [6, 14]. Among the risky behaviours analysed in the present study, the four most prevalent combinations included the behaviours of physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet andPLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0159037 July 19,9 /Clustering of Risk Factors in Adolescentsexcessive alcohol consumption. These.