Icle breakdown. OV stage (DS5565 supplier Figure 1D) was characterized by the presenceIcle breakdown. OV

May 16, 2018

Icle breakdown. OV stage (DS5565 supplier Figure 1D) was characterized by the presence
Icle breakdown. OV stage (Figure 1D) was characterized by the presence of freshly ovulated eggs in the ovarian cavity. POV stage (Figure 1E) showed the presence of 6- to 8-h old post-ovulatory follicles (POFs) in the ovarian tissue, characterized by hypertrophied follicular granulosa cells [30].Changes in kiss1 and kiss2 mRNA levels in the brainThe levels of kiss1 mRNA significantly increased from the LV stage to GVM (P<0.001); declined during HY and then increased during the OV and POV (P<0.001 for OV and P<0.05 for POV) periods (Figure 2A). Similar to kiss1, kiss2 mRNA levels significantly increased during PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27766426 the GVM stage (P<0.001). However, kiss2 mRNA levels declined during the OV PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28499442 and POV periods (P<0.01 for OV and P<0.001 for POV; Figure 2B).Changes in gnrh1, gnrh2, and gnrh3 mRNA levels in the brainThe levels of gnrh1 mRNA showed significant increase during the POV period (P<0.05; Figure 3A). However, gnrh2 and gnrh3 mRNA levels significantly increased during the GVM period (P<0.001) and then decreased during HY period (P<0.001). Again, their levels increased during OV period and then decreased during POV period (Figure 3B, C).Changes in GnRH1, GnRH2, and GnRH3 peptide levels in the brain and pituitaryFigure 2 Changes in kiss1 (A) and kiss2 (B) mRNA levels in the brain of adult chub mackerel during different stages of spawning cycle. Each bar represents mean ?SEM from 5? fish per ovarian stage (Refer Table 1). Different letters above the bars represent significant differences (p<0.05) between stages. LV, late vitellogenesis; GVM, germinal vesicle migration; HY, hydration; OV, ovulation; POV, post-ovulation.GnRH1, GnRH2, and GnRH3 peptide levels in the brain were significantly elevated during the GVM (P<0.05) and HY (P<0.001) periods (Figure 4A, B, C). GnRH1 levels significantly declined during OV and POV periods (P<0.01; Figure 4A); GnRH2 levels were low during OV and POV periods but did show any significant differences with HY levels (Figure 4B); GnRH3 levels significantly declined during OV (P<0.05) and were low during POV periods (Figure 4C). Pituitary peptide levels of all three GnRH forms did not show any significant differences among different ovarian stages (See Additional file 1: Figure S1).Discussion The present study is part of a series of works targeted towards understanding the molecular basis of chub mackerel reproduction with the aim of correcting reproductive dysfunction in captivity [15,17,19,20,31]. In the present study, after GnRHa administration to fish, first spawning was observed 34?6 h post-injection and subsequent daily spawning occurred between 22.00 and 24.00 h till day 7 post-injection. Based on the previous reports demonstrating significant decline in the plasma concentration of GnRH agonist on day 5 after intramuscular injection with the GnRH agonist suspended in coconut oil in the Plaice [22,23], results of the present study likely indicate an endogenous profile of female chub mackerel undergoing FOM and ovulation in captivity. It was interesting to find that both kiss1 and kiss2 mRNA levels in the brain peaked during FOM stage.Selvaraj et al. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2012, 10:64 http://www.rbej.com/content/10/1/Page 6 ofFigure 3 Changes in mRNA levels of gnrh1 (A), gnrh2 (B), and gnrh3 (C) in the brain of adult chub mackerel during different stages of spawning cycle. Each bar represents mean ?SEM from 5? fish per ovarian stage (Refer Table 1). Different letters above the bars represent sign.